CTK/Libs/DICOM/Core/ctkDICOMDataset.cpp

#include "ctkDICOMDataset.h"

#include <dctk.h>
#include <dcostrmb.h>
#include <dcistrmb.h>

#include <stdexcept>


class ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate
{
  public:

    ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate() {}

    QString m_SpecificCharacterSet;

    bool m_DICOMDataSetInitialized;

    static const QScopedPointer<const DcmDataDictionary> s_Dictionary;

    DcmDataset* m_DcmDataset;
};

const QScopedPointer<const DcmDataDictionary> ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate::s_Dictionary(new DcmDataDictionary(OFTrue, OFTrue));
// = QScopedPointer<const DcmDataDictionary>(new DcmDataDictionary(OFTrue, OFTrue));




ctkDICOMDataset::ctkDICOMDataset() 
:d_ptr(new ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate)
{
  Q_D(ctkDICOMDataset);
  d->m_DICOMDataSetInitialized = false;
  d->m_DcmDataset = this;
}

ctkDICOMDataset::~ctkDICOMDataset() 
{
  Q_D(ctkDICOMDataset);
  if(d->m_DcmDataset != this)
  {
    delete d->m_DcmDataset;
  }
}


void ctkDICOMDataset::InitializeFromDataset(DcmDataset* dataset)
{
  Q_D(ctkDICOMDataset);

  if(d->m_DcmDataset != this)
  {
    delete d->m_DcmDataset;
    d->m_DcmDataset = NULL;
  }

  if (dataset)
  {
    d->m_DcmDataset=dataset;
    if (!d->m_DICOMDataSetInitialized)
    {
      d->m_DICOMDataSetInitialized = true;
      // remember "specific character set" tag for conversion of strings to the right encoding
      //std::cerr << "** " << (void*)this << " ctkDICOMDataset: Initialized DcmDataset" << std::endl;
      if ( CopyElement( dataset, DCM_SpecificCharacterSet, 3 ) )
      {
        OFString encoding;
        if ( CheckCondition( findAndGetOFString(DCM_SpecificCharacterSet, encoding) ) )
        {
          d->m_SpecificCharacterSet = encoding.c_str();
        }
        else
        {
          std::cerr << "Some implementation error in DCMTK. We put something into a box and now the box is empty. This is not ok." << std::endl;
          //throw std::logic_error("Some implementation error in DCMTK. We put something into a box and now the box is empty. This is not ok.");
        }
      }
      if (d->m_SpecificCharacterSet.isEmpty())
      {
        /**
          see Bug # 6458:
          There are cases, where different studies of the same person get encoded both with and without the SpecificCharacterSet attribute set.
          DICOM says: default is ASCII / ISO_IR 6 / ISO 646
          Since we experienced such mixed data, we supplement missing characterset information with the ISO_IR 100 / Latin1 character set.
          Since Latin1 is a superset of ASCII, this will not cause problems. PLUS in most cases (Europe) we will guess right and suppress
          "double patients" in applications.
        */
        SetElementAsString( DCM_SpecificCharacterSet, "ISO_IR 100" );
      }
    }
  }
}


void ctkDICOMDataset::InitializeFromFile(const QString& filename,
                                         const E_TransferSyntax readXfer,
                                         const E_GrpLenEncoding groupLength,
                                         const Uint32 maxReadLength,
                                         const E_FileReadMode readMode)
{
  Q_UNUSED(maxReadLength);
  DcmDataset *dataset;
  
  DcmFileFormat fileformat;
  OFCondition status = fileformat.loadFile(filename.toAscii().data(), readXfer, groupLength, readMode);
  dataset = fileformat.getAndRemoveDataset();

  if (!status.good())
  {
    qDebug() << "Could not load " << filename << "\nDCMTK says: " << status.text();
    delete dataset;
    return;
  }

  InitializeFromDataset(dataset);
}

void ctkDICOMDataset::Serialize()
{
  // store content of current DcmDataset (our parent) as QByteArray into m_ctkDICOMDataset
  Uint32 buffersize = 1024*1024; // reserve 1MB
  char* writebuffer = new char[buffersize];

  // write into buffer
  DcmOutputBufferStream dcmbuffer(writebuffer, buffersize);
  DcmDataset::transferInit();
  OFCondition condition = DcmDataset::write(dcmbuffer, EXS_LittleEndianImplicit, EET_UndefinedLength, NULL );
  DcmDataset::transferEnd();
  if ( condition.bad() )
  {
    std::cerr << "Could not DcmDataset::write(..): " << condition.text() << std::endl;
  }

  // get written contents of buffer
  offile_off_t datasetsize = 0;
  void* readbuffer = NULL;
  dcmbuffer.flushBuffer(readbuffer, datasetsize);

  //std::cerr << "** " << (void*)this << " ctkDICOMDataset: Serializing Dataset into " << datasetsize << " bytes" << std::endl;

  // construct Qt type from that contents
  QByteArray qtArray = QByteArray::fromRawData( static_cast<const char*>(readbuffer), datasetsize );
  //std::cerr << "** Buffer size: " << qtArray.size() << std::endl;
  QString stringbuffer = QString::fromAscii(qtArray.toBase64());

  //std::cerr << "** String of size " << stringbuffer.size() << " looks like this:\n" << stringbuffer.toStdString() << std::endl << std::endl;

  this->SetStoredSerialization( stringbuffer );

  delete[] writebuffer;
}

void ctkDICOMDataset::MarkForInitialization()
{
  Q_D(ctkDICOMDataset);
  d->m_DICOMDataSetInitialized = false;
}

void ctkDICOMDataset::EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized() const
{
  const_cast<ctkDICOMDataset*>(this)->Deserialize();
}

void ctkDICOMDataset::Deserialize()
{
  Q_D(ctkDICOMDataset);
  // read attribute m_ctkDICOMDataset
  // construct a DcmDataset from it
  // calls InitializeData(DcmDataset*)

  // this method can be called both from sub-classes when they get the InitializeData signal from the persistence framework
  // and from EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized() when a GetElement.. or SetElement.. method is called.

  if (d->m_DICOMDataSetInitialized) return; // only need to do this once

  QString stringbuffer = this->GetStoredSerialization();
  if ( stringbuffer.isEmpty() )
  {
    d->m_DICOMDataSetInitialized = true;
    return; // TODO nicer: hold three states: newly created / loaded but not initialized / restored from DB
  }


  //std::cerr << "** " << (void*)this << " ctkDICOMDataset: Deserialize Dataset from string of size " << stringbuffer.size() << "\n" << stringbuffer.toStdString() << std::endl;

  QByteArray qtArray = QByteArray::fromBase64( stringbuffer.toAscii() );
  //std::cerr << "** " << (void*)this << " ctkDICOMDataset: Deserialize Dataset from byte array of size " << qtArray.size() << std::endl;

  DcmInputBufferStream dcmbuffer;
  dcmbuffer.setBuffer( qtArray.data(), qtArray.size() );
  //std::cerr << "** Buffer state: " << dcmbuffer.status().code() << " " <<  dcmbuffer.good() << " " << dcmbuffer.eos() << " tell " << dcmbuffer.tell() << " avail " << dcmbuffer.avail() << std::endl;

  DcmDataset dataset;
  dataset.transferInit();
  //std::cerr << "** Dataset state: " << dataset.transferState() << std::endl << std::endl;
  OFCondition condition = dataset.read( dcmbuffer, EXS_LittleEndianImplicit );
  dataset.transferEnd();

  // do this in all cases, even when reading reported an error
  this->InitializeFromDataset(&dataset);

  if ( condition.bad() )
  {
    std::cerr << "** Condition code of Dataset::read() is "
              << condition.code() << std::endl;
    std::cerr << "** Buffer state: " << dcmbuffer.status().code()
              << " " <<  dcmbuffer.good()
              << " " << dcmbuffer.eos()
              << " tell " << dcmbuffer.tell()
              << " avail " << dcmbuffer.avail() << std::endl;
    std::cerr << "** Dataset state: "
              << static_cast<int>(dataset.transferState()) << std::endl;
    std::cerr << "Could not DcmDataset::read(..): "
              << condition.text() << std::endl;
    //throw std::invalid_argument( std::string("Could not DcmDataset::read(..): ") + condition.text() );
  }
}

DcmDataset& ctkDICOMDataset::GetDcmDataset() const
{
  const Q_D(ctkDICOMDataset);
  return *d->m_DcmDataset;
}

OFCondition ctkDICOMDataset::findAndGetElement(const DcmTag& tag, DcmElement*& element, const OFBool searchIntoSub) const
{
  // this one const_cast allows us to declare quite a lot of methods nicely with const
  return GetDcmDataset().findAndGetElement(tag, element, searchIntoSub);
}

OFCondition ctkDICOMDataset::findAndGetOFString(const DcmTag& tag, OFString& value, const unsigned long pos, const OFBool searchIntoSub) const
{
  // this second const_cast allows us to declare quite a lot of methods nicely with const
  return GetDcmDataset().findAndGetOFString(tag, value, pos, searchIntoSub);
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::CheckCondition(const OFCondition& condition)
{
  if ( condition.bad() )
  {
    //std::cerr << "Bad return code (" << condition.code() << "): " << condition.text() << std::endl;
  }

  return condition.good();
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::CopyElement( DcmDataset* dataset, const DcmTagKey& tag, int type )
{
  switch (type)
  {
    case 0x1:
    case 0x1C:
    case 0x2:
    case 0x2C:
    case 0x3:
      // these are ok
      break;
    default:
      // nothing else is ok
      std::cerr << "Unknown attribute type. Cannot process call to ExtractElement " << TagKey(tag).toStdString() << std::endl;
      return false;
  }

  bool missing(false);
  bool copied(true);

  if (!dataset) return false;

  // type 1 or 1C must exist AND have a value
  if (!dataset->tagExistsWithValue( tag ))
  {
    if (type == 0x1 || type == 0x1C) missing = true;
  }

  // type 2 or 2C must exist but may have an empty value
  if (!dataset->tagExists( tag ))
  {
    if (type == 0x1 || type == 0x1C) missing = true;
    if (type == 0x2 || type == 0x2C) missing = true;
  }
  else
  {
    // we found this tag
    DcmElement* element(NULL);
    dataset->findAndGetElement( tag, element, OFFalse, OFTrue ); // OFTrue is important (copies element), DcmDataset takes ownership and deletes elements on its own destruction
    if (element)
    {
      copied = CheckCondition( DcmDataset::insert(element) );
    }
  }

  if (missing)
  {
    std::cerr << "Tag " << TagKey(tag).toStdString() << " [" << TagDescription(tag).toStdString() << "] of type " << QString("%1").arg(type,0,16).toStdString() << " missing or empty." << std::endl;
  }

  if (!copied)
  {
    std::cerr << "Tag " << TagKey(tag).toStdString() << " [" << TagDescription(tag).toStdString() << "] not copied successfully" << std::endl;
  }

  return !missing && copied;
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::Decode( const DcmTag& tag, const OFString& raw ) const
{
  Q_D(const ctkDICOMDataset);
  // decode for types LO, LT, PN, SH, ST, UT
  QString vr = TagVR(tag);
  if ( !d->m_SpecificCharacterSet.isEmpty()
    && (vr == "LO" ||
        vr == "LT" ||
        vr == "PN" ||
        vr == "SH" ||
        vr == "ST" ||
        vr == "UT" ) )
  {
    //std::cout << "Decode from encoding " << d->m_SpecificCharacterSet.toStdString() << std::endl;
    static QMap<QString, QTextDecoder*> decoders;
    static QMap<QString, QString> qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames;

    if (qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.isEmpty())
    {
      // runs only once and fills up a map of encoding names that might be named in DICOM files.
      // for each encoding we store the name that Qt uses for the same encoding.
      // This is because there is not yet a standard naming scheme but lots of aliases
      // out in the real world: e.g. http://www.openi18n.org/subgroups/sa/locnameguide/final/CodesetAliasTable.html

                                              //    DICOM        Qt
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 192", "UTF-8");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 100", "ISO-8859-1");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 101", "ISO-8859-2");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 109", "ISO-8859-3");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 110", "ISO-8859-4");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 144", "ISO-8859-5");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 127", "ISO-8859-6");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 126", "ISO-8859-7");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 138", "ISO-8859-8");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 148", "ISO-8859-9");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO_IR 179", "ISO-8859-13");
      qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert("ISO 2022 IR 13", "jisx0201*-0");

      // use all names that Qt knows by itself
      foreach( QByteArray c, QTextCodec::availableCodecs() )
      {
        qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.insert( c.constData(), c.constData() );
      }

    }

    if ( qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames.contains(d->m_SpecificCharacterSet) )
    {
      QString encodingName( qtEncodingNamesForDICOMEncodingNames[d->m_SpecificCharacterSet] );
      if ( !decoders.contains( encodingName ) )
      {
        QTextCodec* codec = QTextCodec::codecForName( encodingName.toAscii() );
        if (!codec)
        {
          std::cerr << "Could not create QTextCodec object for '" << encodingName.toStdString() << "'. Using default encoding instead." << std::endl;
          decoders.insert( encodingName, QTextCodec::codecForCStrings()->makeDecoder() ); // uses Latin1
        }
        else
        {
          // initialize a QTextDecoder for given encoding
          decoders.insert( encodingName, codec->makeDecoder() );
          // We are responsible for deleting the QTextDecoder objects
          // created by makeDecoder(). BUT as these objects are stored
          // in a static map that lives until application end AND
          // nothing application relevant happens during their
          // destruction, we just let them be destructed by C++ on
          // application exit.
          // Any potential leaks that are found by this behavior can
          // be suppressed.
        }
      }

      //std::cout << "Decode '" <<  raw.c_str() << "' to '" << decoders[encodingName]->toUnicode( raw.c_str() ).toLocal8Bit().constData() << "'" << std::endl;
      return decoders[encodingName]->toUnicode( raw.c_str() );
    }
    else
    {
      std::cerr << "DICOM dataset contains some encoding that we never thought we would see(" << d->m_SpecificCharacterSet.toStdString() << "). Using default encoding." << std::endl;
    }
  }

  return QString::fromLatin1(raw.c_str()); // Latin1 is ISO 8859, which is the default character set of DICOM (PS 3.5-2008, Page 18)

}

OFString ctkDICOMDataset::Encode( const DcmTag& tag, const QString& qstring ) const
{
  // TODO: respect given character-set when encoding; see Decode()
  Q_UNUSED(tag);
  return OFString( qstring.toLatin1().data() ); // Latin1 is ISO 8859, which is the default character set of DICOM (PS 3.5-2008, Page 18)
}
    
QString ctkDICOMDataset::GetAllElementValuesAsString( const DcmTag& tag ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();

  QStringList qsl;

  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);
  if (!element) return QString::null;

  const unsigned long count = element->getVM(); // value multiplicity
  for (unsigned long i = 0; i < count; ++i)
  {
    OFString s;
    if ( CheckCondition( const_cast<ctkDICOMDataset*>(this)->findAndGetOFString(tag, s, i) ) )
    {
      qsl << Decode( tag, s );
    }
  }

  return qsl.join("|");
}


QString ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsString( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();

  OFString s;
  if ( CheckCondition( findAndGetOFString(tag, s, pos) ) )
  {
    return Decode( tag, s );
  }
  else
  {
    return QString::null;
  }
}

QStringList ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsStringList( const DcmTag& tag ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  QStringList qsl;

  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);
  if (!element) return qsl;

  const unsigned long count = element->getVM(); // value multiplicity
  for (unsigned long i = 0; i < count; ++i)
  {
    qsl << GetElementAsString(tag, i);
  }

  return qsl;
}

ctkDICOMPersonName ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsPersonName( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmPersonName* name = dynamic_cast<DcmPersonName*>(element);

  if (!name) return ctkDICOMPersonName(); // invalid

  OFString lastName;
  OFString firstName;
  OFString middleName;
  OFString namePrefix;
  OFString nameSuffix;
  if (CheckCondition( name->getNameComponents(lastName, firstName, middleName, namePrefix, nameSuffix, pos) ) )
  {
    return ctkDICOMPersonName(
      Decode(tag, lastName),
      Decode(tag, firstName),
      Decode(tag, middleName),
      Decode(tag, namePrefix),
      Decode(tag, nameSuffix) );
  }
  else
  {
    return ctkDICOMPersonName();
  }
}

ctkDICOMPersonNameList ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsPersonNameList( const DcmTag& tag ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  ctkDICOMPersonNameList qpnl;

  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);
  if (!element) return qpnl;

  const unsigned long count = element->getVM(); // value multiplicity
  for (unsigned long i = 0; i < count; ++i)
  {
    qpnl << GetElementAsPersonName(tag, i);
  }

  return qpnl;
}

QDate ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsDate( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmDate* date = dynamic_cast<DcmDate*>(element);

  if (!date) return QDate(); // invalid

  OFString ofs;
  if (CheckCondition( date->getISOFormattedDate(ofs, pos) ) )
  {
    QString qs(ofs.c_str());
    return QDate::fromString(qs, "yyyy-MM-dd");
  }
  else
  {
    return QDate();
  }
}

QTime ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsTime( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmTime* time = dynamic_cast<DcmTime*>(element);

  if (!time) return QTime(); // invalid

  OFString ofs;
  if (CheckCondition( time->getISOFormattedTime(ofs, pos, OFTrue, OFFalse) ) ) // true (seconds), false (fraction of a second)
  {
    QString qs(ofs.c_str());
    return QTime::fromString(qs, "hh:mm:ss");
  }
  else
  {
    return QTime();
  }
}

QDateTime ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsDateTime( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmDateTime* datetime = dynamic_cast<DcmDateTime*>(element);

  if (!datetime) return QDateTime(); // invalid

  OFString ofs;
  if (CheckCondition( datetime->getISOFormattedDateTime(ofs, pos, OFTrue, OFFalse, OFTrue) ) ) // true (seconds), false (fraction of a second), true (time zone)
  {
    QString qs(ofs.c_str());
    return QDateTime::fromString(qs, "dd-MM-yyy hh:mm:ss");
  }
  else
  {
    return QDateTime();
  }
}

double ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsDouble( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmDecimalString* ds = dynamic_cast<DcmDecimalString*>(element);

  if (!ds) throw std::logic_error("Element not found or not a decimal number");

  Float64 d;
  ds->getFloat64(d, pos);

  return d;
}

long ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsInteger( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmIntegerString* is = dynamic_cast<DcmIntegerString*>(element);

  if (!is) throw std::logic_error("Element not found or not an integer");

  Sint32 i;
  is->getSint32(i, pos);

  return i;
}

int ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsSignedShort( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const // type SS
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmSignedShort* ss = dynamic_cast<DcmSignedShort*>(element);

  if (!ss) throw std::logic_error("Element not found or not a signed short integer");

  Sint16 i;
  ss->getSint16(i, pos);

  return i;
}

int ctkDICOMDataset::GetElementAsUnsignedShort( const DcmTag& tag, unsigned long pos ) const // type US
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmElement* element(NULL);
  findAndGetElement(tag, element);

  DcmUnsignedShort* us = dynamic_cast<DcmUnsignedShort*>(element);

  if (!us) throw std::logic_error("Element not found or not a unsigned short integer");

  Uint16 i;
  us->getUint16(i, pos);

  return i;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsString( const DcmTag& tag, QString string )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  // TODO: Evaluate DICOM tag for proper encoding (see GetElementAsString())
  return CheckCondition( putAndInsertString( tag, string.toLatin1().data() ) );
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsStringList( const DcmTag& /*tag*/, QStringList /*stringList*/ )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  // TODO: Find out how this can be implemented with DcmDataset methods; there is no method for
  // setting a string at a given position
  return false;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsPersonName( const DcmTag& tag, ctkDICOMPersonName personName )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  DcmPersonName* dcmPersonName = new DcmPersonName( tag ); // TODO leak?

  if ( CheckCondition( dcmPersonName->putNameComponents(
    Encode( tag, personName.lastName() ),
    Encode( tag, personName.firstName() ),
    Encode( tag, personName.middleName() ),
    Encode( tag, personName.namePrefix() ),
    Encode( tag, personName.nameSuffix() ) ) ) )
  {
    return CheckCondition( insert( dcmPersonName ) );
  }

  return false;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsPersonNameList( const DcmTag& tag, ctkDICOMPersonNameList personNameList )
{
  Q_UNUSED(tag);
  Q_UNUSED(personNameList);
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  // TODO: Find out how this can be implemented with DcmDataset methods; there is no method for
  // setting an element at a given position
  return false;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsDate( const DcmTag& tag, QDate date )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  OFDate ofDate( date.year(), date.month(), date.day() );
  DcmDate* dcmDate = new DcmDate( tag ); // TODO leak?

  if ( CheckCondition( dcmDate->setOFDate( ofDate ) ) )
  {
    return CheckCondition( insert( dcmDate ) );
  }

  return false;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsTime( const DcmTag& tag, QTime time )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  OFTime ofTime( time.hour(), time.minute(), time.second() );
  DcmTime* dcmTime = new DcmTime( tag ); // TODO leak?

  if ( CheckCondition( dcmTime->setOFTime( ofTime ) ) )
  {
    return CheckCondition( insert( dcmTime ) );
  }

  return false;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsDateTime( const DcmTag& tag, QDateTime dateTime )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  QDate date = dateTime.date();
  QTime time = dateTime.time();

  OFDateTime ofDateTime;
  ofDateTime.setDateTime( date.year(), date.month(), date.day(), time.hour(), time.minute(), time.second() );
  DcmDateTime* dcmDateTime = new DcmDateTime( tag ); // TODO leak?

  if ( CheckCondition( dcmDateTime->setOFDateTime( ofDateTime ) ) )
  {
    return CheckCondition( insert( dcmDateTime ) );
  }

  return false;
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsInteger( const DcmTag& tag, long value, unsigned long pos )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  //std::cerr << "TagVR: " << TagVR( tag ).toStdString() << std::endl;
  return CheckCondition( putAndInsertSint32( tag, value, pos ) );
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsSignedShort( const DcmTag& tag, int value, unsigned long pos )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  //std::cerr << "TagVR: " << TagVR( tag ).toStdString() << std::endl;
  return CheckCondition( putAndInsertSint16( tag, value, pos ) );
}

bool ctkDICOMDataset::SetElementAsUnsignedShort( const DcmTag& tag, int value, unsigned long pos )
{
  this->EnsureDcmDataSetIsInitialized();
  //std::cerr << "TagVR: " << TagVR( tag ).toStdString() << std::endl;
  return CheckCondition( putAndInsertUint16( tag, value, pos ) );
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::TranslateDefinedTermPatientPosition( const QString& dt )
{
  static bool initialized = false;
  static QMap<QString, QString> descriptionOfTerms;
  if (!initialized)
  {
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("HFP",  "Head First - Prone");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("HFDR", "Head First - Decubitus Right");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("FFDR", "Feet First - Decubitus Right");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("FFP",  "Feet First - Prone");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("HFS",  "Head First - Supine");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("HFDL", "Head First - Decubitus Left");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("FFDL", "Feet First - Decubitus Left");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("FFS",  "Feet First - Supine");
    initialized = true;
  }

  if ( descriptionOfTerms.contains( dt.toUpper() ) )
  {
    return descriptionOfTerms.value(dt.toUpper());
  }
  else
  {
    std::cerr << "Invalid enum for patient position" << std::endl;
    return QString::null;
  }
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::TranslateDefinedTermModality( const QString& dt )
{
  static bool initialized = false;
  static QMap<QString, QString> descriptionOfTerms;
  if (!initialized)
  {
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("CR",  "Computed Radiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("CT",  "Computed Tomography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("MR",  "Magnetic Resonance");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("NM",  "Nuclear Medicine");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("US",  "Ultrasound");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OT",  "Other");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("BI",  "Biomagnetic imaging");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("CD",  "Color flow Doppler");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("DD",  "Duplex Doppler");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("ES",  "Endoscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("LS",  "Laser surface scan");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("PT",  "Positron emission tomography (PET)");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RG",  "Radiographic imaging (conventional film/screen)");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("ST",  "Single-photon emission computed tomograpy (SPECT)");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("TG",  "Thermography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("XA",  "X-Ray Aniography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RF",  "Radio Fluoroscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RTIMAGE",  "Radiotherapy Image");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RTDOSE",  "Radiotherapy Dose");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RTSTRUCT",  "Radiotherapy Structure Set");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RTPLAN",  "Radiotherapy Plan");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("RTRECORD",  "RT Treatment Record");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("HC",  "Hard Copy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("DX",  "Digital Radiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("MG",  "Mammography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("IO",  "Intra-oral Radiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("PX",  "Panoramic X-Ray");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("GM",  "General Microscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("SM",  "Slide Microscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("XC",  "External-camera Photography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("PR",  "Presentation state");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("AU",  "Audio");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("ECG",  "Electrocardiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("EPS",  "Cardiac Electrophysiology");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("HD",  "Hemodynamic Waveform");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("SR",  "SR Document");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("IVUS",  "Intravascular Ultrasound");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OP",  "Ophthalmic Photography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("SMR",  "Stereometric Relationship");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OCT",  "Optical Coherence Tomography (non-Ophthalmic)");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OPR",  "Ophthalmic Refraction");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OPV",  "Ophthalmic Visual Field");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OPM",  "Ophthalmic Mapping");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("KO",  "Key Object Selection");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("SEG",  "Segmentation");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("REG",  "Registration");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("OPT",  "Ophthalmic Tomography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("BDUS",  "Bone Densitometry (ultrasound)");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("BMD",  "Bone Densitometry (X-Ray)");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("DOC",  "Document");

    // retired terms (but probably still in use)
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("DS",  "Digital Subtraction Angiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("CF",  "Cinefluorography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("DF",  "Digital fluoroscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("VF",  "Videofluorography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("AS",  "Angioscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("CS",  "Cystoscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("EC",  "Echocardiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("LP",  "Laparoscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("FA",  "Fluorescein angiography ");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("CP",  "Culposcopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("DM",  "Digital microscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("FS",  "Fundoscopy");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("MA",  "Magnetic resonance angiography");
    descriptionOfTerms.insert("MS",  "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy");
    initialized = true;
  }

  if ( descriptionOfTerms.contains( dt.toUpper() ) )
  {
    return descriptionOfTerms.value(dt.toUpper());
  }
  else
  {
    std::cerr << "Invalid enum for patient position" << std::endl;
    return QString::null;
  }
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::TagKey( const DcmTag& tag )
{
  return QString("(%1,%2)").arg( tag.getGroup(), 4, 16, QLatin1Char('0')).arg( tag.getElement(), 4, 16, QLatin1Char('0') );
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::TagDescription( const DcmTag& tag )
{
  if (!ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate::s_Dictionary->isDictionaryLoaded()) return QString("<no DICOM dictionary loaded. application broken>");
  const DcmDictEntry* entry = ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate::s_Dictionary->findEntry(tag, NULL);
  if (entry)
  {
    return QString(entry->getTagName());
  }
  else
  {
    return QString("<unknown>");
  }
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::TagVR( const DcmTag& tag )
{
  if (!ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate::s_Dictionary->isDictionaryLoaded()) return QString("<no DICOM dictionary loaded. application broken>");
  const DcmDictEntry* entry = ctkDICOMDatasetPrivate::s_Dictionary->findEntry(tag, NULL);
  if (entry)
  {
    return QString(entry->getVR().getVRName());
  }
  else
  {
    return QString("UN"); // unknown
  }
}

QString ctkDICOMDataset::GetStoredSerialization()
{
  throw std::runtime_error("No serialization implemented for this object!");
}



void ctkDICOMDataset::SetStoredSerialization(QString serializedDataset)
{
  Q_UNUSED(serializedDataset);
  throw std::runtime_error("No serialization implemented for this object!");
}